James Demaree

This report describes the effectiveness of emergency interior lighting in a wide-body aircraft test fuselage subjected to elevated temperatures and dense smoke generated by an external fuel fire and interior materials fire. Photmetric measurements show significant smoke stratification. The dense smoke at the ceiling can reduce the effectiveness of emergency lighting sources in the upper one third of the aircraft cabin in the very early stages of a cabin fire, while temperatures are survivable in the lower two thirds of the cabin. Placing emergency lighting sources at or below the height of the passenger seat armrest can increase the time span over which lights are effective.

S.N. Lee

Seven seat cushion configuration were tested in a FAA-NASA-AIA round robin test program.

H.H. Spieth, J.G. Gaume, R.E. Luoto, D.M. Klinck

This report describes a laboratory test method and the modeling of the resultant data to produce a means of ranking aircraft cabin materials for the combined hazards produced in a survivable post-crash fire. Ranking is based on reducing each hazard accumulating in a cabin during a 5 minute crash fire scenario to the common denominator of a passenger escape time. Combined Hazards Index (CHI) is expressed as the number of seconds of scenario burn time at which the sum of the fractional hazards doses reaches an escape limit. All data was obtained using a computer-augmented Ohio State University Calorimeter modified to measure the major combustion gases in addition to heat and smoke as a material burns. A computerized fire analysis model was developed to predict cabin environmental hazards from the laboratory data. A human survival model relating short term hazard dose to incapacitation time was incorporated in this program. The changing cabin environment was compared continuously with the human survival model limits to calculate the unaided escape time ranking for each material. Four typical cabin panels of Idifferent composition were tested under similar fire threat conditions in the laboratory and in a 12 x 40 ft Cabin Fire Simulator (CFS). The large scale tests I were used to compare the measured cabin environment 'with the environment predicted by the fire analysis computer program, and to establish CHI values for the four test materials. The combined hazards analysis system developed during this study provides extensive and repeatable data for heat, smoke and toxic gases to rank materials based on personnel hazards.

H.H. Spieth, J.G. Gaume, R.E. Luoto, D.M. Klinck

This report supplements the description of the methodology developed for ranking cabin materials for combined hazards generated in a survivable crash fire presented in Part I of the report. More comprehensive procedures are presentedfor the calibration and operation of the computer-augmented Ohio State University Calorimeter . modified to derive the new materials fire hazards testing apparatus known as the Combined Hazards Analysis System (CHAS). Definitive derivations of the human survival models for temperature, smoke, and toxic gases used in the hazards analysis and a thorough presentation of the mathematics used in the Fortran Fire Analysis Computer Program are presented. A full description of the full-scale fire testing method used during the development and demonstration phases of the program is presented to give a better understanding of the capability of the laboratory methodology to rate materials on the basis of the relative passenger escape time potential from a cabin section. Part II is, essentially a working manual which will assist greatly. those committed to duplicating and successfully operating the CHAS. The CHAS methodology is useful for development of new fire resistant materials.

Thor I. Eklund

The purpose of this work is the development of logical criteria whereby Halon hand-held fire extinguishers can be properly matched to the compartment where they are to be deployed.