A.M. Birk

A model has been developed which estimates the radiant heat transfer to a long horizontal cylinder engulfed in flames, The model estimates the various surface-to-surface and surface-to-volume exchange factors as a function of position around the circumference of the cylinder. The present model considers the two-dimensional case of an infinitely long cylinder, however, only slight modifications are unnecessary to model the full three-dimensional case. The numerical procedures used to carry out the integrations necessary in determining the exchange factors are presented.

This model was developed as part of a study concerned with thermal protection systems for railway tank cars carrying hazardous materials. In some accident situations, a tank car may be engulfed in flames, and it can be shown that the total heat flux to the tank is primarily due to thermal radiation. Radiant heat transfer calculations using this model were performed for two flame sizes with dimensions approximately those of full and fifth scale fire tests conducted on real tanks. The results of these calculations re presented with the flame temperature and absorptive as parameters.

Interior of test bus was instrumented to monitor three full-scale fire tests.

Constantine P. sarkos

The Aviation Industry has had considerable experience over the past 20 years in the development and use of Halon 1301 protection systems for the extinguishment of fires occurring within the engine nacelle. During the years of the fire-prone, piston-engine aircraft, extensive testing and development was done at the Technical Development and Evaluation Center, of TDC, in Indianapolis. The Predecessor of NAFEC. After the establishment of NAFEC in 1958, this work was continued on Turbojet and Turofan engines although the occurrence of fire was considerably less frequent than from the piston engine. Thus, the aviation industry’s first experience with the use of Halon 1301 was for the extinguishment of flammable fluid or Class B fires.

Richard G. Hill

A project was conducted at the National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC) to determine the capability of nitrogen inerting in preventing fuel tank explosions during post-crash ground fires. The project was conducted in two distinct phases; Phase I being small scale tests using 50 gallon capacity test tank and Phase II full scale tests using outer wing panels from a C-133 aircraft (with a capacity of approximately 1, 340 gallons.)

Thermo-Systems Inc.

The cooled film sensor is a device permitting measurements in high temperature environments similar to those obtainable at normal temperatures with a hot wire anemometer. The limitations of the technique both in maximum environment conditions and accuracy are discussed. In addition, typical measurements and some special techniques that can be applied are presented. Optimum applications of the cooled film anemometer include environments where transient phenomena are to be measured and where the maximum heat transfer to the sensor (0.15mm dia. By 1.5 mm long) is less than 10 watts. Up to 20 watts is possible for short term tests.